New Challenges in China-US Relations Amid Global Tensions

In recent years, tensions between China and the United States (US) have increased significantly. In fact, relations between these two countries are experiencing new, complex challenges due to global geopolitical and economic dynamics. First of all, technological competition takes center stage. Both China and the US are seeking to dominate technological innovation, especially in the fields of artificial intelligence and 5G. The US is concerned about potential security risks from Chinese technology companies, such as Huawei, which it sees as a threat to critical infrastructure. On the other hand, China is seeking to improve its technological capabilities through the ‘Made in China 2025’ initiative which aims to make the country a leader in high technology. This policy deepens the gap between the two countries, creating an increasingly competitive climate. This kind of tension has the potential to slow down global progress in various sectors and create uncertainty for investors. Apart from that, trade issues are no less important. The trade war that began in 2018 saw the reaction of two countries to tariff policies imposed on each other. These policies exposed complex and interdependent economic interconnectedness; even as individual countries seek to reduce dependency, the impact of sanctions and tariffs has reshaped global supply chains. Sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing were significantly impacted, fueling discontent among farmers and industrial workers. Another aspect that has contributed to worsening relations is the issue of human rights. China’s actions in Xinjiang and Hong Kong and the government’s repressive policies are in the international spotlight. International reactions, including sanctions from the US and its allies, exacerbated tensions. This encourages China to assert sovereignty and reject foreign interference, making dialogue increasingly difficult. The conflict zone in the South China Sea also contributes to challenges in these relations. Territorial disputes between China and ASEAN countries, as well as the presence of US military ships, have the potential to increase tensions. Military maneuvers and exercises in the region raise concerns about the possibility of direct confrontation, which could have broader impacts in a global context. In the midst of these challenges, diplomacy remains an important way to bring the two countries closer. Summit meetings and high-level dialogue are needed to ease tensions and build understanding. A multilateral format, involving third countries, can facilitate the search for more constructive and sustainable solutions. Increasing global awareness of the climate challenge is also an important backdrop to this relationship. Both countries are the world’s largest emitters, and cooperation in dealing with climate change could be a bridge to ease tensions. Strengthening collaboration in green technology can bring a win-win solution for both parties. Meanwhile, domestic political dynamics in each country also have an influence. The upcoming election in the US has the potential to influence foreign policy. Likewise, political stability in China under the leadership of Xi Jinping will be a determining factor in foreign relations strategy. Over time, these tensions will not only shape bilateral relations, but will also have a broad impact on global stability.